Introduction to Philosophy

Introduction to Philosophy: Classical and Contemporary Readings, Sixth Edition, is the most comprehensive topically organized collection of classical and contemporary philosophy available. The text includes sections on God and evil, knowledge and reality, the philosophy of science, the mind/body problem, freedom of will, consciousness, ethics, political philosophy, existential issues, and philosophical puzzles and paradoxes.

Easy to use for both students and instructors alike, the book incorporates boldfaced key terms (listed after each reading and defined in the glossary); a guide to writing philosophy papers; and a "Logical Toolkit". The sixth edition includes five new readings—by renowned contemporary philosophers Anthony Brueckner, John Martin Fischer, Alan Goldman, Rosalind Hursthouse, and Thomas Nagel—and additional descriptive material on the authors throughout the book.

An updated Instructor's Resource CD includes a test bank of exam questions, sample syllabi, summaries of each reading, and additional pedagogical tools. A Companion Website at www.oup.com/us/perry features the same material included on the CD and also links to a separate site for students, which offers multiple-choice self-quizzes; pedagogical material; and an interactive blog featuring recommended websites, news articles, helpful anecdotes, and interviews.

Readership: Introduction to Philosophy Courses

John Perry, Henry Waldgrave Stuart Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at Stanford University and Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Riverside, Michael Bratman, U.G. and Abbie Birch Durfee Professor of Philosophy, Stanford University, and John Martin Fischer, Distinguished Professor of Philosophy and UC President's Chair, University of California, Riverside

John Perry is the Henry Walgrave Stuart Professor Emeritus of Philosophy, Stanford University, and Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, University of California, Riverside and author of Personal Identity; A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality. Michael Bratman is the U.G. and Abbie Birch Durfee Professor in the School of Humanities and Science and Professor of Philosophy, Stanford University. He's the author of Intention, Plans, and Practical Reason and Faces of Intention: Selected Essays on Intention and Agency John Martin Fisher is Chair and Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, University of California, Riverside. He is the author of over a hundred articles in academic journals and books, and the author of six books including: My Way (OUP 2006); Our Stories (OUP 2009); and Deep Control (OUP 2011).

*=New to this Edition
PART I: PHILOSOPHY
Introduction: On the Study of Philosophy
Logical Toolkit:
Writing Philosophy Papers:
Bertrand Russell, The Value of Philosophy
Plato, Apology: Defence of Socrates
PART II: GOD AND EVIL
A. Why Believe?
St. Anselm, The Ontological Argument
St. Thomas Aquinas, The Existence of God
William Paley, Natural Theology
Blaise Pascal, The Wager
Bertrand Russell, Why I Am Not a Christian
B. The Problem of Evil
David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
Gottfried Leibniz, God, Evil, and the Best of All Possible Worlds
John Perry, Dialogue on Good, Evil, and the Existence of God
PART III: KNOWLEDGE AND REALITY
A. Plato and the Concept of Knowledge
Plato, Theaetetus
Edmund L. Gettier, Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?
B. Descartes and the Problems of Skepticism
Rene Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy
Christopher Grau, Bad Dreams, Evil Demons, and the Experience Machine: Philosophy and The Matrix
Robert Nozick, Excerpt from Philosophical Explanations
C. Hume's Problems and Some Solutions
David Hume, Of Scepticism with Regard to the Senses
David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
W. C. Salmon, The Problem of Induction
PART IV: MINDS, BODIES, AND PERSONS
A. The Traditional Problem of Mind and Body
Bertrand Russell, The Argument from Analogy for Other Minds
Gilbert Ryle, Descartes's Myth
David M. Armstrong, The Nature of Mind
Daniel Dennett, Intentional Systems
Paul M. Churchland, Eliminative Materialism
Frank Jackson, What Mary Didn't Know
B. Minds, Brains, and Machines
A. M. Turing, Computing Machines and Intelligence
John R. Searle, Minds, Brains, and Programs
C. Personal Identity
John Perry, A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality
Bernard Williams, The Self and the Future
Derek Parfit, Personal Identity
J. David Velleman, So It Goes
Daniel Dennett, Where Am I?
D. Freedom, Determinism, and Responsibility
Roderick M. Chisholm, Human Freedom and the Self
Peter van Inwagen, The Powers of Rational Beings: Freedom of the Will
David Hume, On Liberty and Necessity
Harry Frankfurt, Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility
* John Martin Fischer, Responsiveness and Moral Responsibility
Harry Frankfurt, Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person
Thomas Nagel, Moral Luck
PART V: ETHICS AND SOCIETY
A. Utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham, The Principle of Utility
John Stuart Mill, tilitarianism
E. F. Carritt, Criticisms of Utilitarianism
J. J. C. Smart, Extreme and Restricted Utilitarianism
Bernard Williams, Utilitarianism and Integrity
Peter Singer, Famine, Affluence, and Morality
B. Kantian Ethics
Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
J. David Velleman, A Brief Introduction to Kantian Ethics
Onora O'Neill, Kantian Approaches to Some Famine Problems
C. Aristotelian Ethics
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics
* Rosalind Hursthouse, Right Action
D. Justice and Equality
John Rawls, A Theory of Justice
Robert Nozick, Justice and Entitlement
G. A. Cohen, Where the Action Is: On the Site of Distributive Justice
John Stuart Mill, The Subjection of Women
Debra Satz, Markets in Women's Reproductive Labor
Kwame Anthony Appiah, Racisms
E. Challenges to Morality
Plato, The Republic
David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals
David Gauthier, Morality and Advantage
J. L. Mackie, The Subjectivity of Values
Gilbert Harmon, Ethics and Observation
Nicholas L. Sturgeon, Moral Explanations
PART VI: EXISTENTIAL ISSUES
Susan Wolf, Moral Saints
Thomas Nagel, The Absurd
Albert Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus
Richard Taylor, The Meaning of Human Existence
Susan Wolf, The Meanings of Lives
* Thomas Nagel, Sexual Perversion
* Alan H. Goldman, Plain Sex
Thomas Nagel, Death
* Anthony L. Brueckner and John Martin Fischer, Why Is Death Bad?
PART VII: PUZZLES AND PARADOXES
A. Zeno's Paradoxes
Achilles and the Tortoise:
The Racecourse:
The Argument Against Plurality:
B. Metaphysical and Epistemological Puzzles and Paradoxes
The Paradox of Identity:
The Paradox of the Heap:
The Surprise Examination:
Goodman's New Riddle of Induction:
C. Puzzles of Rational Choice
The Prisoner's Dilemma:
Newcomb's Problem:
Kavka's Toxin Puzzle:
Quinn's Puzzle of the Self-Torturer:
D. Paradoxes of Logic, Set Theory, and Semantics
The Paradox of the Liar:
Other Versions of the Liar:
Russell's Paradox:
Grelling's Paradox:
E. Puzzles of Ethics
The Trolley Problem:
Ducking Harm and Sacrificing Others:
Glossary of Philosophical Terms