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The Development of Ethics: Volume 2
From Suarez to Rousseau
Terence Irwin
936 pages
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246x171mm
978-0-19-954327-4
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Hardback
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31 July 2008
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- A fascinating journey through the formative centuries of modern moral thought
- Not just history but philosophy, as Irwin assesses the value of the ideas to us today
- Sheds new light on big names and neglected thinkers alike
The Development of Ethics is a selective historical and critical study of moral philosophy in the Socratic tradition, with special attention to Aristotelian naturalism. It discusses the main topics of moral philosophy as they have developed historically, including: the human good, human nature, justice, friendship, and morality; the methods of moral inquiry; the virtues and their connexions; will, freedom, and responsibility; reason and emotion; relativism, subjectivism, and realism; the theological aspect of morality. This volume examines early modern moral philosophy from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. Volume 3 will continue the story up to
Rawls's Theory of Justice.
The present volume begins with Suarez's interpretation of Scholastic moral philosophy, and examines seventeenth- and eighteenth- century responses to the Scholastic outlook, to see how far they constitute a distinctively different conception of moral philosophy. The treatments of natural law by Grotius, Hobbes, Cumberland, and Pufendorf are treated in some detail. Disputes about moral facts, moral judgments, and moral motivation, are traced through Cudworth, Clarke, Balguy, Hutcheson, Hume, Price, and Reid. Butler's defence of a naturalist account of morality is examined and compared with the Aristotelian and Scholastic views discussed in Volume 1. The volume ends with a survey of the persistence of voluntarism in English moral philosophy,
and a brief discussion of the contrasts and connexions between Rousseau and earlier views on natural law.
The emphasis of the book is not purely descriptive, narrative, or exegetical, but also philosophical. Irwin discusses the comparative merits of different views, the difficulties that they raise, and how some of the difficulties might be resolved. The book tries to present the leading moral philosophers of the past as participants in a rational discussion that is still being carried on, and tries to help the reader to participate in this discussion.Readership: Scholars and students of moral philosophy; anyone with an interest in the history of ethics.
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Terence Irwin, University of Oxford
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30: Suarez: law and obligation
31: Suarez: naturalism
32: Natural law and 'modern' moral philosophy
33: Grotius
34: Hobbes: Motives and Reasons
35: Hobbes: from Human Nature to Morality
36: Hobbes: morality
37: Spinoza
38: The 'British Moralists'
39: Cumberland and Maxwell
40: Cudworth
41: Locke and Natural Law
42: Pufendorf
43: Leibniz: Naturalism and Eudaemonism
44: Pufendorf and Natural Law
45: Shaftesbury
46: Clarke
47: Hutcheson: For and Against Moral Realism
48: Hutcheson: For and Against Utilitarianism
49: Balguy: a Defence of Rationalism
50: Balguy and Clarke: Morality and Natural Theology
51: Butler: Nature
52: Butler: Superior Principles
53: Butler: Naturalism and Morality
54: Butler: Implications of Naturalism
55: Hume: Nature
56: Hume: Passion and Reason
57: Hume: Errors of Objectivism
58: Hume: the moral sense
59: Hume: the Virtues
60: Smith
61: Price
62: Reid: action and will
63: Reid: knowledge and morality
64: Voluntarism, egoism, and utilitarianism
65: Rousseau
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