Mechanisms of Life History Evolution

• The first text to integrate the recent advances in molecular biology into studies of life history evolution
• Focuses on genetic, genomic, developmental, and physiological aspects of life history traits and their evolution
• Integrates contributions from the leading researchers in the field to provide a truly interdisciplinary approach to the topic
• Suggests exciting possibilities for future research into the molecular mechanisms underlying life history evolution
• Ideal graduate seminar course material

Readership: This multidisciplinary book will be of interest to advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers in the fields of evolutionary biology, evo-devo, development, physiology, and aging who share an interest in understanding the mechanisms that shape the expression and evolution of fitness components including developmental traits, reproduction, and lifespan.

Edited by Thomas Flatt, Institute of Population Genetics, Vetmeduni Vienna, Austria, and Andreas Heyland, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Canada

Thomas Flatt has been a Group Leader at the Institute of Population Genetics at University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna since January 2009. His main research interest is in the biology of aging, life history evolution, and evolutionary physiology. He studied biology at the University of Basel, from where he received his M.Sc. in population biology in 1999, for work supervised by Prof. Stephen C. Stearns (Basel) and Prof. Richard Shine (Sydney). In 2004 he earned his Ph.D. in evolutionary biology from the University of Fribourg (under Prof. Tadeusz Kawecki). Between 2004 and 2008 he was a postdoctoral research fellow in Prof. Marc Tatar's laboratory at Brown University (Providence, USA), sponsored by the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Roche Research Foundation. He is a faculty member of the Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics (Doktoratskolleg Populationsgenetik). He is also currently serving as a deciding editor for the Journal of Evolutionary Biology.

Andreas Heyland is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Integrative Biology at the University of Guelph, Canada. He works primarily on the evolution and development of marine invertebrates. His interest in life history theory began as an undergraduate student in the laboratory of the late Paul I. Ward at the University of Zurich. After completing his MSc at the University of Zurich he continued as a Ph.D. student at the University of Florida in Gainesville, exploring the mechanisms underlying metamorphosis. After a post-doc in Neuroscience he started his faculty position at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada where he is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Integrative Biology.

"[This book] single-handedly kept me off a computer for a long time and renewed my excitement about books. ... The content is motivating. Excellent chapters, sections and overview by the editors will turn this book into a much-read, dog-eared reference staple. Highly recommended." - Andrew P. Beckerman, Times Higher Education

"Flatt and Heyland have clearly spent much time editing this book and have produced an effective template for an impressive set of authors, organised contributions into coherant sets with logical flow, and offer their own preview of each section. This provides readers with multiple points of access to the material. The content is motivating, the 25 chapters in this book shed light on many advances made ... For some, the most compelling aspects of this book will be the pair of chapters where Stearns and the editors argue over the merits of this "molecular natural history" ... these chapters make for one of the most exciting exchanges in print for a long time." - Andrew P. Beckerman, Times Higher Education

"For years there has been a divide between biologists that asked why and those that asked how. This book integrates the two perspectives beautifully, while addressing the most fundamental of all aspects of an organism - its life history. Here we learn how adopting genetic, genomic, and physiological perspectives informs evolutionary patterns of birth, growth, reproduction, ageing, and death. This book comprehensively reviews and informs us about the latest developments in mechanistic and evolutionary approaches to understanding the diversity of life history patterns in nature. With chapters by the authorities and innovators in the field, this is a work that will inform and inspire my laboratory for years to come." - Professor Allen J. Moore, University of Exeter, UK

"This volume contains an impressive amount of information about the molecular and physiological mechanisms behind life-history trade-offs, with contributions from leading authors in the field. It should be an excellent entry to this vast literature for those who wish to bring the field further and wish to understand how organismal life-histories evolve and the factors that constrain them. The book also includes a critical discussion about the utility of mechanistic knowledge in the development of life-history theory; here radically different viewpoints are contrasted against each other. I recommend this book to those who are interested in this classical field and the many controversies surrounding it." - Professor Erik Svensson, Lund University, Sweden

"This compilation by Flatt and Heyland is especially timely as it fills a long-standing lacuna in the balanced integration of ecology, evolution and development. The book brings together well written chapters by many leading experts, covering mechanisms of life-history traits and trade-offs in a range of organisms from algae to angiosperms and cnidarians to humans. Unlike in many compilations, the broader issues and questions are always in sight. Section headers that thread together related chapters do a great job of putting the issues in a more general conceptual context, something that will be particularly helpful for graduate students. I can imagine this book being a superb resource for established researchers and graduate students alike." - Professor Amitabh Joshi, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, India

"This book is a fantastic resource for anyone interested in life history. My own research is moving from behavioural ecology into a more detailed examination of the mechanisms underlying life history trade-offs and I found fascinating insights into the field of life history. The chapters are detailed enough to satisfy me as an experienced researcher, but also would offer a wonderful introduction to graduate students or early career scientists wanting to engage in this field of study. I particularly liked the concluding chapters, which provide insight into the challenges that lie at the intersection between molecular mechanisms and evolutionary outcomes. I am certain that this book is one that will be frequently pulled off my shelf as I work to design and understand my experiments." - Professor Patricia Moore, University of Exeter, UK

"Flatt and Heyland's exciting new volume gives a rich harvest of current work on life history evolution across the Animal and Plant kingdoms. Wisely, the editors included several chapters discussing human biology. The diverse species discussed should catalyze biomedical researchers to look beyond the standard animal models of fly, worm, and mouse. Inclusion of diverse life history paradigms will be essential to developing the genomics of life history evolution." - Professor Caleb E. Finch, University of Southern California, USA

"An expanded modern synthesis of evolutionary biology, which truly integrates ecology, evolution, and development, is on the horizon. This edited volume brings together an impressive team of scientists from diverse fields in an attempt to integrate recent advances in molecular and developmental biology with traditional life history theory. In so doing, this volume will not only inspire a better understanding of the evolution of development, but will also inspire revisions and advances in traditional life history theory, and thus, take us one step closer toward achieving an expanded evolutionary synthesis." - Professor Ehab Abouheif, McGill University, Canada

"This edited volume provides a fresh and much-needed update to the venerable field of life history evolution by emphasizing the importance of understanding its underlying genetic and molecular basis." - Professor Gregory Wray, Duke University, USA

"Flatt and Heyland have solicited contributions from an impressive array of researchers studying the mechanisms of life history evolution in organisms ranging from algae to humans. This timely volume not only provides a snapshot of our current understanding of the genetic, physiological, and developmental mechanisms of life history evolution, but also points the way toward a promising integration of theoretical and mechanistic approaches to the study of life history evolution.This comprehensive treatment of the mechanisms of life history evolution is sure to become the subject of many graduate seminars and will be a welcome to classic texts on life history theory on comprehensive exam reading lists." - Professor Andrew McAdam, University of Guelph, Canada

"In this impressive and substantial edited work, Thomas Flatt and Andreas Heyland have gathered together contributions from numerous authors, many of them leaders in their fields, all aimed at a common goal: the integration of a mechanistic component into life-history theory. Although, as the editors state, this integration is still in its infancy, the volume they have assembled will help enormously in the growth of the infant concerned, which in turn will help in the further integration of evolutionary biology as a whole." - Professor Wallace Arthur, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

Graham Bell: Foreword: Harvey's Legacy
Preface
Part 1: Integrating Mechanisms into Life History Evolution
1: Christian Braendle, Andreas Heyland, and Thomas Flatt: Integrating Mechanistic and Evolutionary Analysis of Life History Variation
2: Derek A. Roff: Genomic Insights into Life History Evolution
Part 2: Growth, Development, and Maturation
3: Andreas Heyland, Adam M. Reitzel, and Sandie Degnan: Emerging Patterns in the Regulation and Evolution of Marine Invertebrate Settlement and Metamorphosis
4: Alexander W. Shingleton: Evolution and the Regulation of Growth and Body Size
5: Deniz F. Erezylimaz: The Genetic and Endocrine Basis for the Evolution of Metamorphosis in Insects
6: Richard G. Manzon: Thyroidal Regulation of Life History Transitions in Fish
7: Daniel Buchholz, Christine Moskalik, Saurabh Kulkarni, Amy Hollar, and Allison Ng: Hormone Regulation and the Evolution of Frog Metamorphic Diversity
Part 3: Reproduction
8: Adam M. Reitzel, Derek Stefanik, and John R. Finnerty: Asexual Reproduction in Cnidaria: Comparative Developmental Processes and Candidate Mechanisms
9: Joshua A. Banta and Michael D. Purugganan: The Genetics and Evolution of Flowering Time Variation in Plants: Identifying Genes that Control a Key Life History Transition
10: Alan O. Bergland: Mechanisms of Nutrient Dependent Reproduction in Dipteran Insects
11: Dominic A. Edward and Tracey Chapman: Mechanisms Underlying Reproductive Trade-offs: Costs of Reproduction
12: Michael P. Muehlenbein and Mark V. Flinn: Patterns and Processes of Human Life History Evolution
Part 4: Lifespan, Aging and Somatic Maintenance
13: Magdalena Hodkova and Marc Tatar: Parallels in Understanding the Endocrine Control of Lifespan with the Firebug Pyrrhocoris apterus and the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster
14: Johannes H. Bauer and Stephen L. Helfand: Chapter 14: The Genetics of Dietary Modulation of Lifespan
15: Tonia S. Schwartz and Anne M. Bronikowski: Molecular Stress Pathways and the Evolution of Life Histories in Reptiles
16: Maris Kuningas and Rudi G.J. Westendorp: Mechanisms of Aging in Human Populations
Part 5: Life History Plasticity
17: Benjamin G. Miner: Mechanisms Underlying Feeding-Structure Plasticity in Echinoderm Larvae
18: Paul S. Schmidt: Evolution and Mechanisms of Insect Reproductive Diapause, a Plastic and Pleiotropic Life History Syndrome
19: Paul M. Brakefield and Bas J. Zwaan: Seasonal Polyphenisms and Environmentally-Induced Plasticity in the Lepidoptera - the Coordinated Evolution of Many Traits on Multiple Levels
20: Brenda Rascón, Navdeep S. Mutti, Christina Tolfsen and Gro V. Amdam: Honey Bee Life history Plasticity - Development, Behavior, and Aging
Part 6: Life History Integration and Trade-Offs
21: Aurora M. Nedelcu and Richard E. Michod: Molecular Mechanisms of Life History Trade-Offs and the Evolution of Multicellular Complexity in Volvocalean Green Algae
22: Birgit Gerisch and Adam Antebi: Molecular Basis of Life History Regulation in C. elegans and Other Organisms
23: Kurt A. McKean and Brian P. Lazzaro: The Costs of Immunity and the Evolution of Immunological Defense Mechanisms
24: Anthony J. Zera and Lawrence G. Harshman: Intermediary Metabolism and the Biochemical-Molecular Basis of Life history Variation and Trade-offs in Two Insect Models
25: Lesley T. Lancaster and Barry Sinervo: Epistatic Social and Endocrine Networks and the Evolution of Life History Trade-offs and Plasticity
26: Michaela Hau and John C. Wingfield: Hormonally-Regulated Trade-Offs: Evolutionary Variability and Phenotypic Plasticity in Testosterone Signaling Pathways
Part 7: Concluding Remarks
27: Stephen C. Stearns: Does Impressive Progress on Understanding Mechanisms Advance Life History Theory?
28: Thomas Flatt, Andreas Heyland, and Stephen C. Stearns: What Mechanistic Insights Can or Cannot Contribute to Life History Evolution - An Exchange Between Stearns, Heyland, and Flatt
References
Index